Starting a job in cloud computing may seem hard, but good prep can change fear into sureness. People hiring for basic jobs like Cloud Support Associate or Junior SysOps Engineer need to see that you know the main AWS ideas, safety rules, and how to keep costs low. The twenty-five question-and-answer bits below help build this base in easy, clear English. Go through each answer, test a quick lab in the AWS Free Tier, and link the ideas to your own work. By the end, you will talk about cloud topics easily and show any interviewer that you are set to add worth right from the start.
Amazon Web Services offers on‑demand computing, storage, databases, and analytics that you can start or stop in minutes. A business avoids buying servers, pays only for what it uses, scales up during busy seasons, and reaches customers worldwide through AWS Regions. The service model turns large capital expenses into small, flexible operating costs.
AWS ensures the data centers, networks and physical hardware that runs each service. You ensure what you build on top, such as data encryption, operating system update, firewall rules and access control. Understanding this division helps you focus on daily efforts on configuration, monitoring and compliance, and trusts AWS to maintain the underlying infrastructure.
EC2 provides virtual servers that stay on as long as you need them. You pick the operating system, install software, and pay while the instance runs. Lambda runs small pieces of code only when an event triggers them and bills by the millisecond. Choose EC2 for long‑running or highly customized workloads and Lambda for quick, event‑driven tasks.
A Region is a group of data centers in one geographic area, while an Availability Zone is an isolated cluster within that Region. Placing resources in multiple zones protects your application from power loss or fire in a single building and lowers latency for local users. Choosing the right Region also helps meet data laws and control cost.
Identity and Access Management lets you create users, groups, and roles, then attach JSON policies that grant only the permissions each identity needs. Multi‑Factor Authentication adds another login step, and CloudTrail records every API call for audits. With IAM you follow least‑privilege practice and trace every change, which keeps accounts safe even as teams grow.
An S3 bucket is a logical container that stores objects like images or backups. Each object is copied across multiple disks in multiple Availability Zones, giving eleven nines of durability. You can turn on versioning for older copies, set lifecycle rules to move cold data to cheaper storage, and control access with bucket policies.
First, block public access at the bucket level. Next, delete any access control lists or policies that allow everyone to read objects. Grant permission only through an IAM policy that targets a specific user or role, enable server‑side encryption, and log data events in CloudTrail so you can track every request.
An Elastic Load Balancer receives traffic and spreads it across healthy targets such as EC2 instances or containers. This action prevents any single server from overloading, improves application uptime, and hides instance replacement or scaling from users. AWS manages the balancer, so you focus on your code, not network plumbing.
An Auto Scaling Group monitors metrics like CPU or request count and launches new instances when demand rises. When traffic drops, it terminates extra instances so you do not pay for idle resources. The group keeps the correct capacity at all times, delivering both performance under load and cost savings during quiet hours.
Enable automatic backup, which stores the daily snapshot and transaction logs for ‘points recovery point and in time determination. Before the big update, take a manual snapshot for security. Copy snapshot to another disaster recovery area and turn on deletion security to prevent someone from accidentally removing the database.
Cloudwatch AWS collects system measurements, logs and events from resources and customized apps. You make a dashboard to see the real -time health, set the alarm that sends notifications or trigger scaling and logged with logic insight. These features allow you to automate the solution before finding out problems and notice to users.
Choose an Amazon Machine Image that contains the operating system. Pick an instance type with enough CPU and memory. Configure storage, create or select a key pair, set security group rules, review the settings, and launch. After the instance starts, connect with SSH or RDP and install application software.
A safety group acts as a virtual firewall on each resource and suggests that returns are automatically allowed. A network ACL filters traffic at the subtat level and is the stateless, so you have to create rules for both incoming and outgoing routes. You use both tools together for layered network security.
Elastic Block Store offers block‑level storage that attaches to EC2 and behaves like a hard drive, delivering low latency for operating systems and databases. S3 offers object storage over HTTP with extremely high durability but higher latency. Use EBS for active file systems and S3 for static files or backups.
A virtual private cloud is a separate section of the AWS network where you define your own IP area, subnet, timetable and security settings. This setup allows you to keep the web server in the public subnet and the private subnet while checking the traffic flow, making the cloud environment feel like a traditional data center with flexibility.
Route 53 AWS domain name is system service that converts domain names to IP addresses. You can specify a health check at the end point and create a shuttle route, so if a place fails, traffic goes to a healthy website. You can also use delays – based routing to direct users in the fastest field, which can improve both reliability and speed.
CloudFormation lets you describe your entire infrastructure as code. You write a template that lists every resource, then deploy it to create a stack. Updating the template changes the stack in an orderly way. This approach removes manual setup, lowers human error, and allows version control for your infrastructure just like application code.
Start by choosing the area with the best value. Examples of the correct ine size depending on the use data, closing the resources when they are inactive, and do not plan it the -boating server to close overnight. Use examples or savings schemes that are reserved for stable charging and rarely transfer data to cheap S3 storage classes such as glaciers. Review the cost researcher regularly to find waste.
An IAM role is an identity without a permanent password or access key. AWS services like EC2 or Lambda assume the role and receive temporary credentials when needed. This method avoids hard‑coding secrets in code and follows best practice by giving applications only the permissions they need for the time they need them.
A public subnet has a route for the Internet via the Internet Gateway, which allows the server to accept traffic from users. There is no direct passage of a private subnet; Resources reach the Internet through a NAT gateway for updates while inaccessible from the outside. This design hides sensitive components such as database from public exposure.
Trusted Advisor’s scanner your account and gives the recommendations from the actual additional time for cost optimization, performance, security, fault tolerance and service limits. It highlights passive resources, unsafe configurations and overrated examples so you can work quickly to improve efficiency and safety.
An EBS moments catches a point in a volume at some point and replaces data blocks in S3. After the first full snapshot, several snapshots only protect the difference, which reduces storage costs. You can restore a snapshot in a new volume or copy it to another area, if the primary area is unable to give you a speedy recovery path.
Dynamodb is a fully administered NOSQL database that distributes single and digit Milcecond delay in any scale. It automatically repeats data in several accessibility areas, scales capacity based on traffic and handles patching and backup for you. Encryption and point – in the recovery of time in time, reduce the operational overhead, focusing on functions rather than maintenance of databases.
The AWS Commandinian Interface allows you to check services from the terminal or script. You can start the occurrence, copy files to S3, or update CloudFormation Stack with Single Command. By automating these tasks, incorrect and frequent functions are accelerated, which causes CLI to become an important tool in continuous integration and peripinate pipelines.
Configure each component to send a log to the Cloudwatch log, and create a logical log group for each service. Enter the storage rules, use log insight to search groups and set alarms for error patterns. For long -lasting analysis, logs on S3 and ask them with Athena. This setup contains all records in one place and supports real and time monitoring and deep examination.
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